Unit 1 How do you study for a test? Section A 新课指南 本部分通过对by doing sth这一方式状语的联想训练,掌握用英语表达学习等做事情方式的基本语言技能。同时也能够掌握其他一些新词汇,如:frustrate,frustrating,frustrated,end up和新句型如:I've learned a lot that way.等。 重点:by doing sth作方式状语的表达与运用。 难点:现在完成时,尤其是I've been learning English for six years.这样的现在完成进行时的用法。 教材解读1 精华要义 How do you study for a test? 知识点1 for a test是介词短语作目的状语。意为“为了考试”。 知识点2 test的用法 test是名词,意为“考试;测试”,相当于exam,但exam较正式。 知识拓展 辨析 study,learn study意为“学习研究”,着重过程。learn意为“学习;学到”,着重结果。例如: Have you ever studied with a group?你参加过小组学习吗?(指学习过程的情况) I've learned a lot.我已学到了很多。(指学习的结果) 二者有时可以互换使用。例如: What lessons do you study/learn?你学哪些课程? 对应练习 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.We should ________ (study)hard for the people. 2.Jack is ________ (learn) how to ride a horse. 点拨 1.情态动词后用动词原形,故填study。 2.根据句意应该用现在进行时,故填learning。 I study by making flashcards. 知识点 by doing sth是介词短语,在句中作方式状语。 知识拓展 辨析 by,with,in,on Ⅰ by的常见结构: by+交通工具(注意不要带冠词)。例如: Tim often goes to work by bus,but sometimes by bike.蒂姆经常乘公共汽车上班,但有时骑自行车。 by+doing sth。例如: I study by having conversations with friends.我是靠与朋友进行会话的方式学习的。 Ⅱ with的常见结构: with+工具。例如: Most of us like to write with a pen.我们当中大多数人喜欢用钢笔写字。 with+人体部位。例如: We see with our eyes and hear with our ears.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听。 Ⅲ in的常见结构: in+语言。例如: Don't say it in Chinese. Say it in English.不要用汉语说,用英语讲。 in+物质材料。例如: You should write your homework in ink. =You should write your homework with a pen.你应该用钢笔写作业。 Ⅳ on的常见结构: on+电器或媒介。例如: I study English on TV. =I study English by watching TV.我通过看电视学习英语。 用于某些固定短语中。例如:on foot。 对应练习 用适当的介词填空 1.It's useful to have a good dictionary ________ you when you're reading. 2.The mother couldn't leave her baby ________ herself at home. 3.They ought to be here ________ this time. 4.The hills were covered ________ snow. 5.I can't go along ________ you on that question. 点拨 1.for sb意为“给某人;对某人来说”,故填for。 2.leave one by oneself意为“把某人单独留下”,故填by。 3.at this time意为“在这个时候”,故填at。 4.be covered with意为“被……覆盖”,故填with。 5.go along with sb意为“同意某人;和某人在……方面达成一致”。故填with。 Do you ever practice conversations with friends? 知识点1 ever的用法 ever相当于at any time,意为“曾经”。同义词为always,反义词为never。常见于现在完成时的一般疑问句及条件状语从句中,其他情况下也有所使用。 Ⅰ 用于现在完成时的一般疑问句中。例如: Have you ever studied with a group?你参加过小组学习吗? Have you ever learned English songs?你学过英文歌曲吗? Ⅱ 用于条件状语从句中。例如: If you ever hear from her,please tell me about it.如果你得到她的消息,请告诉我有关事宜。 Ⅲ 用于一般现在时的疑问句中。例如: Do you ever talk to your English friends?你和你的英国朋友交谈过吗? Ⅳ 用于否定句中。例如: No man ever returned from there.从来没有人从那里回来过。 I hardly ever see him nowadays.近来我很少看见他。 Ⅴ 用于肯定句中,表示“常常;总是”,常使用always。 知识拓展 ever和always的反义词都是never。never意为“从来不;从未有过”。若一个陈述句中含有ever或always,变为否定句时直接用never改写即可。例如: 肯定句:I have ever thought so.我常常这样想。 否定句:I have never thought so.我从未这样想过。 肯定句:He's always late for school.他上学总是迟到。 否定句:He's never late for school.他上学从不迟到。 对应练习 1.Have you ________ spoken to a foreigner? A.always B.already C.ever D.yet 2.It is raining harder than ________. A.never B.ever C.still D.yet 点拨 1.ever用于疑问句中,意为“曾经”,故选C。 2.than ever意为“比从前”,故选B。 知识点2 practice的用法 practice意为“实践;练习”。指为了进一步提高技能或达到熟练程度而进行的练习。既可作名词,又可作动词。 Ⅰ practice作名词时,相当于exercise。例如: It takes much practice to be really good at this game.要真正擅长这种运动必须多进行练习。 Ⅱ 作动词时,相当于do exercise regularly,后接名词或动词-ing形式。例如: Why don't you join an English club to practice speaking English?你为何不参加英语俱乐部来练习说英语呢? 注意 在美国英语中,practise是practice的异体词,在实际使用中,哪种形式都可以。而在英国英语中,practise是动词形式,practice是名词形式。 对应练习 Piano-playing needs a lot of ________. A.practises B.practice C.practiced D.exercise 点拨 a lot of修饰名词,practice无复数形式;如果选择D应采用exercise的复数形式,故选B。 What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 知识点1 what about的用法 what about相当于how about,是交际英语中常用的表达建议的短语。后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如: What/How about that skirt?那件裙子怎么样? I like the Beatles. What/How about you?我喜欢甲壳虫乐队,你呢? What/How about going out for a walk?出去散步如何? 知识点2 read aloud意为“出声地读;朗读”。 知识拓展 辨析 aloud,loud 这两个词的词义不同。 Ⅰ aloud是副词,通常是“出声”的意思,而不是“大声”的意思。只有在修饰cry,shout等动词时才有“大声”之意。例如: Read the text aloud.朗读课文。(不是默读) He read the letter aloud.他念了这封信。(指读出声来) Don't shout aloud.不要大声喊。 Ⅱ loud既是形容词,又是副词。作为副词,它相当于loudly。但loud多与表示“说”的动词连用,意为“高声的(地);响亮的(地)”。例如: Who is making loud noise?谁在大声吵闹?(用作形容词) Speak louder,please. I can't hear you clearly.请再大声点讲。我听不清你说的话。 对应练习 The radio is too ________. Please turn it down. A.loud B.louder C.loudly D.aloud 点拨 根据题意需用形容词原级形式,故选A。 I've learned a lot that way. 知识点1 have learned是现在完成时结构,其谓语动词的结构为“have/has+过去分词”,learn的过去分词也可写为learnt。 知识点2 a lot在此是名词短语,作动词的宾语。 知识点3 that way作方式状语。这个短语前省略了介词in,由this或that构成的短语作方式状语或时间状语时,其前面的介词往往省略。例如: Come this way,please.请这边走。(省略了along) What did you have for breakfast this morning?今天早餐你吃什么了?(省略了on) 对应练习 汉译英 珍妮喜欢京剧,她认为看京剧可以了解很多中国历史。 Jane likes Beijing Opera. She thinks she can learn ________ ________ ________ about Chinese history by watching it. 点拨 a lot意为“许多;大量”,在此处作动词learn的宾语,故填a lot。 It's too hard to understand the voices. 知识点 too…to…的用法 此结构表示“太……而不能……”。其具体结构为“too+形容词/副词+动词不定式”。后面的动词不定式除个别情况外,均为否定意义。例如: He's too young to do the job.他太小了,还做不了这份工作。(young为形容词) I got to school too late to have the first class.我到校太晚了,没能上第一节课。(late为副词) She got up too late to catch the early bus.她起得太晚了,没有赶上早班公共汽车。(late为副词) 注意 有时too后面接glad,easy等形容词时,后面的不定式不表示否定意义。例如: I'm too glad to meet you.见到你我真是太高兴了。 The homework is too easy for me to do.这个作业对于我来说太容易做了。 知识拓展 辨析 too…to,enough to too…to结构中的动词不定式部分为否定意义;而enough to结构意为“足以能够”,是肯定意义,只有用于否定句中时,后面的不定式才是否定意义。二者在一定条件下可以相互转换。例如: Li Ling is too young to go to school. =Li Ling is not old enough to go to school.李玲年龄太小了,还不能上学。 He came too late to attend the meeting. =He didn't come early enough to attend the meeting.他来得太晚了,没能参加会议。 The man is strong enough to carry the bag.那个人很强壮,能够搬动这个袋子。 对应练习 1.He walked ________ fast for us ________ catch up with. A.so,that B.such,that C.enough,to D.too,to 2.Science is difficult for some students ________ understand. A.too,to B.so,that C.much,to D.very,that 点拨 1.根据句意可知为否定含义,因而采用too…to结构,故选D。 2.根据句意可知为否定含义,因而采用too…to结构,故选A。 We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. 知识点1 get excited about的用法 相当于be/become interested in,意为“对……感到兴奋(有趣)”。例如: They got excited about swimming.他们对游泳产生了兴趣。 知识点2 副词up的用法 end up意为“终止;结束”。相当于finish(up)。up为副词,有“……完;……光”之意。类似的短语还有finish up,eat up,burn up等。例如: Eat it up.把它全吃了。 The big fire burned up his house.那场大火把他家烧光了。 up也可以直接用在系动词后作表语。例如: Time is up.时间到了。 It's all up.一切都完了。 对应练习 汉译英 你们应该把这些练习在放学后完成。 You should these exercises after school. 点拨 finish up意为“完成”,相当于finish,up为副词,有“……完……光”的意思。故答案为finish up。 |